How to Grow Avocado Tree in a Greenhouse ?

Written by H & B . Sierke (Gothic Arch Greenhouses INC.)

Why Grow Avocados in a Greenhouse?

Before diving into the how-to, let's talk about the why. Avocados thrive in warm climates, making them perfect candidates for greenhouse growing. A controlled environment ensures stable temperatures and protection from pests and diseases, leading to a healthier and more productive avocado tree.

Growing an avocado tree in a greenhouse can be rewarding, providing a steady supply of fresh avocados and a beautiful tropical plant. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you get started.

Avocado trees (Persea americana) are tropical plants that thrive in warm, humid environments. Growing them in a greenhouse allows you to control the temperature and humidity, making cultivating them even in cooler climates possible.

Health Benefits of Avocados

Avocados are not just delicious; they're also packed with nutrients and offer numerous health benefits:

1. Rich in Nutrients: Avocados are a great source of vitamins C, E, K, and B-6, as well as folate, magnesium, and potassium.
2. Healthy Fats: They are high in monounsaturated fats, which are heart-healthy and help reduce harmful cholesterol levels.
3. Fiber-Rich: Avocados are loaded with fiber, aiding in digestion and helping to maintain a healthy gut.
4. Antioxidants: They contain antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin, which are beneficial for eye health.
5. Weight Management: The healthy fats and fiber in avocados can help you feel full longer, aiding in weight management.
6. Skin Health: Avocados' vitamins and healthy fats contribute to glowing, healthy skin.

With all these benefits, it's no wonder avocados are a popular choice for health-conscious individuals.

Choosing the Right Avocado Variety

The first step in growing an avocado tree in a greenhouse is selecting a suitable variety. Some popular options include:

• Hass: Known for its rich flavor and creamy texture, the Hass avocado is a popular choice for greenhouse growing.
• Fuerte: This variety is known for its hardiness and ability to produce fruit in cooler climates.
• Lamb Hass: A variant of the Hass, it's known for producing larger fruit and being more tolerant to varying conditions.

When choosing your avocado variety, consider your greenhouse conditions and personal preference for taste and texture.

Preparing Your Greenhouse

You must create an optimal environment to grow a healthy avocado tree. Here are some tips:

1. Temperature Control: Avocado trees prefer temperatures between 60-85°F (15-29°C). Ensure your greenhouse has adequate heating and cooling systems.
2. Humidity: Maintain a humidity level of around 50-60%. Use a humidifier if necessary.
3. Light: Avocado trees need plenty of light. Ensure your greenhouse gets at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily, or use grow lights.
4. Ventilation: Good airflow is crucial. Ensure your greenhouse is well-ventilated to prevent mold and mildew.

Planting Your Avocado Tree

Once your greenhouse is ready, it's time to plant your avocado tree. Follow these steps:

1. Start from a Pit or a Seedling: You can start growing an avocado tree from a pit or buy a young tree from a nursery. Starting from a seed takes longer but can be more rewarding.
2. Potting: Use a large pot with well-draining soil. Avocado trees have deep roots, so ensure the pot is at least 10-15 gallons in size.
3. Planting Depth: Plant the seed or seedling at the same depth it was previously growing. Cover the roots well, but avoid burying the stem too deep.

Watering and Fertilizing

Avocado trees need regular watering but don't like sitting in waterlogged soil. Here's how to manage watering and fertilizing:

• Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water deeply once or twice a week, depending on the climate and soil conditions.
• Fertilizing: Use a balanced fertilizer designed for fruit trees. Apply it according to the package instructions, usually every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.

Pruning and Maintenance

Regular pruning helps your avocado tree grow strong and healthy. Here are some maintenance tips:

• Pruning: Trim any dead or diseased branches. Prune to shape the tree and improve airflow.
• Pest Control: Watch for common pests like spider mites and aphids. Use organic insecticides or introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs.
• Disease Management: Look for signs of root rot or fungal infections. Ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering.

Pollination and Fruit Set

Avocado trees are self-pollinating, but having more than one can increase your chances of fruit set. In a greenhouse, hand pollination can also be beneficial. Use a small brush to transfer pollen from flower to flower.

Harvesting Your Avocados

Patience is vital when growing avocados. A tree can take 3-4 years to produce fruit. When avocados are ready to harvest, they'll be firm but will yield to gentle pressure. After picking, let them ripen at room temperature.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Here are some common problems you might encounter and how to solve them:

• Yellow Leaves: Often a sign of overwatering or nutrient deficiency. Adjust watering and check soil nutrients.
• Dropping Leaves: Can be caused by sudden temperature changes. Ensure stable greenhouse conditions.
• No Fruit: If your tree isn't setting fruit, try hand pollination or consider adding another tree for better pollination chances.

Growing an avocado tree in a greenhouse requires effort, but the reward of fresh, home-grown avocados is well worth it. With the proper care and attention, your tree can thrive and produce delicious fruit year after year. Happy gardening!